ESS1 exposure
Lower oil, gas and ensemble values indicate lower modeled import exposure within the project formula.
These pages apply a consistent project framework to country-level inputs. They are designed for relative comparison and trend analysis; they do not reproduce the official Eurostat import-dependency percentage.
How to compare member states
ESS2 intensity
Lower industrial energy use relative to GDP is the stronger direction in the adapted framework.
ESS3 coverage
Higher domestic energy production relative to total consumption is the stronger direction.
Use the country values together with trend direction, supplier composition and methodological context. A single metric is not a complete assessment of national energy resilience.